SS-31

Research Overview

SS-31 was designed based on the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide series, which identified structural motifs that enable mitochondrial targeting. Research published in journals including the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, and PNAS has documented its selective accumulation in mitochondria at concentrations 1,000-5,000 fold higher than the surrounding cytoplasm. Studies have examined its effects on mitochondrial electron transport efficiency, ROS production, and cardiolipin protection in various cell culture and animal models. The peptide's ability to bind cardiolipin and optimize electron transfer through cytochrome c represents a targeted approach to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in aging and numerous age-related conditions in research models. The compound has progressed further in the development pipeline than most research peptides, with the pharmaceutical version (elamipretide) having been studied extensively.

Key Research Findings

• 1

  Concentrated 1,000-5,000x in mitochondrial inner membrane vs. cytoplasm in cell uptake studies

• 2

  Selectively bound cardiolipin, optimizing cytochrome c electron transfer in isolated mitochondria

• 3

  Reduced mitochondrial ROS production in multiple cell culture systems (Zhao et al., 2004)

• 4

  Protected mitochondrial cristae structure in electron microscopy studies of stressed cells

• 5

  Demonstrated cell-permeable uptake independent of mitochondrial membrane potential

• 6

  Pharmaceutical version (elamipretide) studied extensively in advanced preclinical and clinical research

Where to Buy SS-31

Our top-ranked vendors for sourcing research-grade SS-31. All vendors below publish third-party COAs and have been independently evaluated.

Related Peptides